Voices of Change: Feminist Battles for Rights and Recognition in the Nineteenth century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm2025.v05.n02.005Keywords:
Nineteenth Century, Women, Liberty, Education, SuffrageAbstract
The Nineteenth Century marked the emergence of the first wave of feminism, focusing on fundamental legal and social inequalities that restricted women’s rights and freedoms. Key feminist issues during this period included the struggle for women’s education, women’s liberty, women’s suffrage, as women were denied the right to vote and participate in political decision-making. Feminists also campaigned for liberty, challenging laws like coverture that denied married women legal independence and ownership of property. Access to education and employment was another critical concern, as women were largely excluded from universities and professional careers, limiting their economic independence. Feminists sought reforms in marriage and family laws, advocating for rights in divorce, custody, and protection against domestic abuse. These issues reflected a broader demand for legal recognition, economic autonomy, and social equality in the nineteenth century.
References
Beasley, C. (2005). Gender & Sexuality: Critical Theories, Critical Thinkers. London: Sage.
Beasley, C. (1999). What is Feminism? An Introduction Theory. London: Sage
Bhasin, Kamla and Khan, Nighat Said. (1999) Some Questions on feminism and its Relevance in South Asia, New Delhi: Kali for Women.
Connell, R.W. (2002). Gender. London: Polity Press.
Delmar, R. (1986). What is Feminism? In A. Oakley and J. Mitchell (Eds.), What is Feminism. UK: Balckwell Publishers
Evans, S. (2015). Tidal Wave: How Women Changed America at Century’s End. New York: Free Press.
Eisenstein, H. (1983). Contemporary Feminist Thought. Boston: MA: G.K. Hall.
Eisenstein, H. (1984). Contemporary Feminist Thoughts. London: Unwin.
Greer, G. (1970). The Female Eunuch. London: MacGibbon & Kee.
Gerda, L. (1986). The Creation of Patriarchy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Hannam, J. (2007). Feminism. Great Britain: Pearson.
Hannam, J. (2012). Feminism. London/ New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315836089
Kristeva, J. (1981). Women’s Time. In T. Moi (Ed.), The Kristeva Reader. New York: Columbia University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14428-0_49
Mitchell, J. (1971). Women’s Estate. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.
Montagu, M. W. (1763). Turkish Embassy Letters. London: J. Dodsley.
Millett, K. (1970). Sexual Politics. New York: Doubleday.
Osborne, S. (2001). Feminism. Great Britain: Cox & Wyman.
Wollstonecraft, M. (1972 /2004). A Vindication of the Rights of Women. M. Brody, (Ed). Penguin Classics. (Original work published 1792).
