Impact of Silicon and Nitrogen Fertilization on Wheat Development and Productivity in Loamy Sand Conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm2023.v03.n04.006Keywords:
Silicon, Nitrogen Fertilization, Loamy Sand Conditions, North GujaratAbstract
A field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2021–22 at the Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The experimental site had loamy sand soil with a neutral pH (7.01), safe electrical conductivity (0.18 dSm⁻¹), low organic carbon (0.39%), medium phosphorus (38.10 kg ha⁻¹), medium potassium (191.25 kg ha⁻¹), and available silicon of 60.75 kg ha⁻¹. The study was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications, consisting of four nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha⁻¹) and four silicon levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg Si ha⁻¹). Results indicated that 120 kg N ha⁻¹ significantly improved plant height, effective tillers per plant, ear head length, spikelets per ear head, test weight, and both grain and straw yields. Likewise, application of 300 kg Si ha⁻¹ produced higher tiller numbers along with increased grain and straw yields. Based on these findings, the combination of 120 kg N ha⁻¹ and 300 kg Si ha⁻¹, along with the recommended phosphorus dose of 60 kg ha⁻¹, was found to maximize wheat productivity in loamy sand soils under the North Gujarat agro-climatic conditions.
References
Abedi, T.; Alemzadeh, A. and Kazemeini, S. A. (2011). Wheat yield and grain protein response to nitrogen amount and timing. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5(3): 330-336.
Ahmad, A.; Afzal, M.; Ahmad, A. U. H. and Tahir, M. (2013). Effect of foliar application of silicon on yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cercetariagronomicein Moldova. 46(3): 21-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0089-3
Ahmad, F.; Aziz, T.; Maqsood, M. A.; Tahir, M. A. and Kanwal, S. (2007). Effect of silicon application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth under water deficiency stress. Emir. J. Food Agric. 19(2): 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v12i1.5170
Ali, A.; Choudhry, M. A.; Malik, M. A.; Ahmad, R. and Saifullah (2000). Effect of various doses of nitrogen on the growth and yield of two wheat cultivar. Pak J Biol Sci. 3(6): 1004-1005.
Ali, A.; Syed, A. A. W.; Khaliq, T.; Asif, M.; Aziz, M. and Mubeen, M. (2011). Effects of nitrogen on growth and yield components of wheat. In Biol Sci. 3(6): 1004-1005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.1004.1005
Asif, M. A.; Ali, M. E; Safdar, M; Maqsood, S; Hussain and Arif, M. (2009). Growth and yield of wheat as influenced by different levels of irrigation and nitrogen. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 1: 25-28.
Aston, M. J. and M. M. Jones (1976). A study of the transpiration surfaces of Avenasterlis L., var. algerian leaves using monosilicic acid as a tracer for water movement. Planta. 130: 121-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384408
Balasta, M. L. F.; Perez, C. M.; Juliano, B. O.; Vlllareal, C. P.; Lott, J. N. and Roxas, D. B. (1989). Effects of silica level on some properties of Oryza sativa straw and hull. Canad. J. Bot. 67(8): 2356-2363. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b89-301
Chen, J.; Russell, D. C.; Cynthia, A. R. and Robert S. (2000). Silicon: The estranged medium element. Bulletin. 341:1-5.
Choudhary, R. N.; Suthar, K. J.; Doba, S. D. and Maheriaya, V. D. (2021). Effect of varying levels of silicon and restricted irrigation on productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Bhal condition of GujaratInt. J. Chem. Stud. 9(1): 1269-1272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1r.11398
Epstein, E. (1999). Silicon. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 50(1): 641-664. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.641
Gunri, S. K.; Pal, S. K. and Choudhary, A. (2004) Effect of nitrogen application and spacing on yield of rice in foot- hill soil of West Bengal. Indian J. Agron. 49(4): 248-250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v49i4.5210
Gwal, H. B.; Tiwari, R. J.; Jain, R. C. and Prajapati, F. S. (1999). Effect of different levels of fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of late sown wheat. RACHIS Newsletter. 18(1): 42-44.
Hameed, E.; Shah, W. A.; Shad, A. A.; Bakht, J. and Muhammad, T. (2005). Effect of different planting dates, seed rate and nitrogen levels on wheat. Asian J. Plant Sci. 2(6): 467-474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.467.474
Husain, A. M. M.; Chowhan, G.; Rahman, A. B. M. Z.; Uddin, R. and Barua, P. (2004). Final evolution report on verification and refinement of the system of rice intensification (SRI) project in selected areas of Bangladesh. Report to International Rice Research Institute. Dhaka.
Jan, M. T.; Shah M. and S. Khan. (2002). Type of Nfertilizer rate and timing effect on wheat production. Sarhad J. Agric. 18(4): 405-410.
Korndorfer, G. H. and Lepsch, I. (2001). Effect of silicon on plant growth and crop yield. Studies in Plant Science. 8: 115-131.
Li, Y.; Ouyang, J.; Wang, Y. Y.; Hu, R.; Xia, K.; Duan, J.; Wang, Y.; Tsay, Y. F. and Zhang, M. (2015). Disruption of the rice nitrate transporter hinders rootto-shoot nitrat transport and vascular development. Scientific Reports. 5(1): 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09635
Ma J. F.; Miyake Y. and Takahashi E. (2001). Silicon as a beneficial element for crop plants. Studies in plant Science. 8: 17-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-3420(01)80006-9
Madan, H. S. and Munjal, R. (2009). Effect of split doses of nitrogen and seed rate on protein content, protein fractions and yield of wheat. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Science. 4(1): 26-31.
Malidareh, G. A.; Kashani, A.; Nourrnohammadi, H. R.; Mobasser, and Atavi, V. (2009) Effect of silicon application and nitrogen rates on N and Si content and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.,) in two water systems in north of Iran, World Applied Sciences Journal. 6(6): 719-727.
Panse VG and Sukhatme PV. (1985) Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research Publication.:87-89.
Parihar, S. S. (2004) Influence of nitrogen and irrigation schedule on yield, water use and economics of rice in summer season. Annus of Plant Soil Research. 6(1): 29-31.
Rentsch, D.; Schmidt, S. and Tegeder, M. (2007). Transporters for uptake and allocation of organic nitrogen compounds in plants. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. 581(12): 2281-2289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.013
Sarena, P. and Jana, R. L. 2001. Effect of split and modified source of urea on the yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian J. Agron. 139: 403-405.
Shah, Z. and Ahmad, M. I. (2006). Effect of integrated use of farm yard manure and urea on yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat. J. Agric. Sci. 1(1): 60-65.
Singh, V.; Singh, S. P.; Singh, S. and Shivay, Y. S. (2013). Growth, yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by biofertilizers, FYM and nitrogen. International. J. Agric. Sci. 10(1): 96-101.
Swaminathan, M.; Kanthajosheph, M.; Rao, N.; Chandiramani, S. V.; Subramanyam, L. and Indra, K. (1981). Balanced diet and nutritive value of common recipes (2nd Ed.). Sharda press.Manglore. Panse VG, Sukhatme PV. Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research Publication. 1985:87-89.
Ullah, H.; Luc, P. D.; Gautam, A. and Datta. A. (2018). Growth, yield and silicon uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by dose and timing of silicon application under water-deficit stress. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 64(3): 318 330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1350782
Yadav, D. S.; Shukla, R. P.; Sushant S. and Kumar, B. (2005). Effect of zero tillage and nitrogen level on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) after rice (Oryza sativa). indian. j. Agron 50(1): 52-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v50i1.5060
Yoshida, S.; Ohnishi, Y. and Kitagishi, K. (1962). Chemical forms, mobility and deposition of Silicon in the rice plant. J. Soil Sci. Plant. 8(1): 15-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1962.10430992
