Judicial Trends in Biotechnology Patent Infringement Cases in India

Abstract

The biotechnology sector has emerged as a critical driver of innovation in healthcare, agriculture, and industrial processes, making patent protection indispensable for safeguarding investments in research and development. In India, biotechnology patent infringement disputes have gained prominence with the expansion of biopharmaceuticals, genetically modified organisms, and molecular diagnostic technologies. This study examines the evolving judicial trends in biotechnology patent infringement cases, focusing on the interpretation and application of the Patents Act, 1970, by Indian courts. It analyzes key judicial decisions concerning patent validity, infringement standards, scope of claims, compulsory licensing, and the balance between proprietary rights and public interest. The paper further evaluates the influence of international intellectual property norms and TRIPS obligations on Indian jurisprudence. Through a doctrinal analysis of landmark judgments, the study highlights the judiciary’s role in fostering innovation while ensuring access to essential technologies and medicines. It concludes that Indian courts have adopted a balanced and pragmatic approach in resolving biotechnology patent disputes.